Article I: Definitions For the purposes of this Agreement: (a) "Agreement" means the present agreement, including its Annexes but excluding all titles of Articles, opened for signature by Governments at Washington on 20 August 1971, by which the international telecommunications satellite organization "INTELSAT" is established; (b) "Operating Agreement" means the agreement, including its Annex but excluding all titles of Articles, opened for signature at Washington on 20 August 1971, by Governments or telecommunications entities designated by Governments in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement; (c) "Interim Agreement" means the Agreement establishing Interim Agreements for a Global Commercial Communications Satellite System signed by Governments at Washington on 20 August, 1964; (d) "Special Agreement" means the agreement signed on 20 August, 1964, by Governments or telecommunications entities designated by Governments, pursuant to the provisions of the Interim Agreement; (e) "Interim Communications Satellite Committee" means the Committee established by Article IV of the Interim Agreement; (f) "Party" means a State for which the Agreement has entered into force or been provisionally applied; (g) "Signatory" means a Party, or the telecommunications entity designated by a Party, which has signed to Operating Agreement and for which it has entered into force or been provisionally applied; (h) "Space segment" means the telecommunications satellites, and the tracking, telemetry, command, control, monitoring and related facilities and equipment required to support the operation of these satellites; (i) "INTELSAT space segment" means the space segment owned by INTELSAT; (j) "Telecommunications" means any transmission, emission or reception of signs, signals, writing, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature, by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems; (k) "Public telecommunications services" means fixed or mobile telecommunications services which can be provided by satellite and which are available for use by the public, such as telephony, telegraphy, telex, facsimile, data transmission, transmission of radio and television programmes between approved earth stations having access to the INTELSAT space segment for further transmission to the public, and leased circuits for any of these purposes; but excluding those mobile services of a type not provided under the Interim Agreement and the Special Agreement prior to the opening for signature of this Agreement, which are provided through mobile stations operating directly to a satellite which is designed, in whole or in part, to provide services relating to the safety or flight control of aircraft or to aviation or maritime radio navigation; (1) "Specialized telecommunications services" means telecommunications services which can be provided by satellite, other than those defined in paragraph (k) of this Article, including, but not limited to, radio navigation services, broadcasting satellite services for reception by the general public, space research services, meteorological services, and earth resources services; (m) "Property" includes every subject of whatever nature to which a right of ownership can attach, as well as contractual rights; and (n) "Design" and "development" include research directly related to the purposes of INTELSAT.