3-2-2-10 Memorandum of Understanding Between the Government of Japan and the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration on Cooperation in the Detailed Design,Development, Operation and Utilization of the Permanently Manned Civil Space Station(Signed on March 14 , 1989, Proclaimed March 14 , 1989)

Article 5

Major Program Milestones

Major target milestones for the Space Station are as follows

Initiation of NASA's Phase C/D	1987
Initiation of the GOJ's Phase C/D	1989
First Element Launch	1995
NASA-provided Laboratory Module Launch	1995
Permanently Manned Capability	1996
JEM Launch Package 1	1997
JEM Launch Package 2	1997
Completion of Manned Base Assembly	1998
Completion of NASA's Phase C/D;Initiation of Phase E	1999
...

Article 7

Management Aspects of the Space Station Program Primarily Related to Detailed Design and Development

Management/Reviews

1.a

NASA and the GOJ are each responsible for the management of their respective Space Station Phase C/D activities consistent with the provisions of this MOU. This Article establishes the management mechanisms to coordinate the respective Space Station design and development (including assembly and verification) activities of NASA and the GOJ, to establish applicable requirements, to assure safe operations, to establish the interfaces between the Space Station elements, to review decisions, to establish schedules, to review the status of activities, to report progress and to resolve issues and technical problems as they arise.

1.d

Space Station requirements, configuration, housekeeping resource allocations for design purposes, and element interfaces; Space Station activities through the completion of assembly and initial operational verification and other Space Station configuration control activities will be controlled by the Space Station Control Board (SSCB) chaired by NASA. The STA Program Manager will be a member of the SSCB and of such subordinate boards thereof as may be agreed, attending and participating when these boards consider items which affect the GOJ-provided elements, interfaces between the NASA-provided and the GOJ-provided elements, interfaces between the GOJ-provided elements and other partner-provided elements, or the accommodation of the Composite Utilization Plan and the Composite Operations Plan described in Article 8. Decisions by the SSCB Chairman may be appealed to the PCC, although it is the duty of the SSCB Chairman to make every effort to reach consensus with the GOJ rather than have the GOJ refer issues to the PCC. Such appeals will be made and processed expeditiously. Pending resolution of appeals, the GOJ need not proceed with the implementation of an SSCB decision as far as its provided elements are concerned; NASA may, however, proceed with an SSCB decision as far as its provided elements are concerned. NASA will be a member of the GOJ control boards, and of such subordinate boards thereof as may be agreed, attending and participating as appropriate.

Article 8

Management Aspects of the Space Station Program Primarily Related to Operations and Utilization

General

1.b

A Multilateral Coordination Board (MCB) will be established as soon as possible after the start of NASA's Phase C/D and will meet periodically over the lifetime of the program or promptly at the request of any partner with the task to ensure coordination of the activities of the partners related to the operation and utilization of the Space Station. The Parties to this MOU and the other partners will plan and coordinate activities affecting the safe, efficient and effective operation and utilization of the Space Station through the MCB, except as otherwise specifically provided in this MOU. The MCB will comprise the NASA Associate Administrator for Space Station; STA Director-General of the Research and Development Bureau; the ESA Director of Space Station and Platforms; and the MOSST Deputy Secretary, Space Policy Sector. The NASA Associate Administrator for Space Station will chair the MCB. The Parties agree that all MCB decisions should be made by consensus. However, where consensus cannot be achieved on any specific issue within the purview of the MCB within the time required, the Chairman is authorized to take decisions. The Parties agree that, in order to protect the interests of all partners in the program, the operation and utilization of the Space Station will be most successful when consensus is reached and when the affected partners' interests are taken into account. MCB decisions will not modify rights of the partners specifically provided in this MOU. Decisions regarding the operation and utilization of the ESA-provided elements which are separated from the manned base and which do not have effects on the manned base associated with servicing at the manned base or have effects on the STS associated with servicing by the STS will be taken by ESA, except as otherwise specifically provided in Article 8.3.

1.c

The MCB will establish Panels which will be responsible for the long-range strategic coordination of the operation and utilization of the Space Station, to be called the System Operations Panel and the User Operations Panel respectively, described in detail below. The MCB will develop a charter that will define the organizational relationships and responsibilities of these Panels, and the organizational relationships of these Panels with the tactical- and execution- level organizations described below. Any modifications to the charter will be approved by the MCB. The MCB will approve, on an annual basis, a Consolidated Operations and Utilization Plan (COUP) for the Space Station based on the annual Composite Operations Plan and the annual Composite Utilization Plan developed by the Panels and described below. In doing so, the MCB will be responsible for resolving any conflicts between the Composite Operations Plan and the Composite Utilization Plan which cannot be resolved by the Panels. The COUP will be prepared by the User Operations Panel and agreed to by the System Operations Panel. The charter for these Panels will also delineate the Panels' delegated responsibilities with respect to adjustment of the COUP. The COUP will be implemented by the appropriate tactical- and execution-level organizations.

Operations

2.a

It is the goal of the Parties to this MOU to operate the Space Station in a manner that is safe, efficient and effective for both Space Station users and Space Station operators. To accomplish this, the MCB will establish, within three months of its establishment, a System Operations Panel (SOP) to coordinate strategic level operations activities and operations planning activities as provided for in Article 8.1.c.

2.b

The SOP will comprise one member each from NASA, the GOJ and the other partners. Members may send designated alternates to SOP meetings. In addition, each member may call upon relevant expertise as necessary to support SOP activities. The SOP will take decisions by consensus; in the event of failure to reach consensus on any issue, the issue will be forwarded to the MCB for resolution. In the interest of efficient management, NASA and the GOJ recognize that the SOP should take the responsibility to routinely resolve all operations issues as expeditiously as possible rather than refer such issues to the MCB.

Utilization

3.a

Manned Base

3.a.1

NASA and MOSST will provide Space Station manned base infrastructural elements to assemble, maintain, operate and service the manned base; NASA and MOSST will also provide resources derived from these infrastructural elements to the other partners as provided in Article 8.3.a.2. The GOJ will retain the use of 51% of the user accommodations on its accommodations elements; NASA will retain the use of 97% of the user accommodations on its accommodations elements; NASA and the GOJ will each provide MOSST 3% of the user accommodations on their accommodations elements; and the GOJ will provide NASA the remaining user accommodations on its accommodations elements. NASA, the GOJ and MOSST will each control the selection of users for their allocations of user accommodations; such NASA, the GOJ and MOSST control of the selection of users for their allocation of user accommodations will be exercised in accordance with the procedures in this MOU and in the NASA-MOSST MOU for developing the Composite Utilization Plan.

3.a.2

Allocation of manned base resources among the partners will be in accordance with the following approach. Housekeeping resources required by all elements, and provided as noted in Article 8.1.d.1, will be set aside. The utilization resources will be allocated as follows: 20% of utilization resources will be allocated to NASA because of its Attached Payload Accommodation Equipment; 3% of utilization resources will be allocated to MOSST; the remaining utilization resources will be apportioned equally among the three laboratory modules. The GOJ will be allocated 50% of the utilization resources apportioned to the GOJ-provided JEM and ESA will be allocated 50% of the utilization resources apportioned to the ESA-provided APM. NASA will be allocated 100% of the utilization resources apportioned to the NASA-provided Laboratory Module, the remaining 50% of the utilization resources apportioned to the GOJ-provided JEM and the remaining 50% of the utilization resources apportioned to the ESA-provided APM. The above allocation of utilization resources is to the partner, not to the elements, and may be used by the partner on any Space Station element consistent with the COP and the Composite Utilization Plan. More than this allocation of any utilization resource may be gained by each partner through barter or purchase from other partners.

3.c

Man-Tended Free Flyer

3.c.1	ESA will retain the total use of the MTFF it provides
3.c.2	Notwithstanding Article 8.3.c.1, each year, NASA will have an option to purchase or barter for up to 25% of MTFF utilization at prices ESA routinely charges comparable customers.
3.c.3	All accommodations and resources requir4ed to service the MTFF at the manned base will come out of the allocations available to ESA for its APM as described in Article 8.3.a, unless otherwise agreed by NASA and ESA in connection with an arrangement pursuant to Article 8.3.c.2.