Section IV. Space Infrastructure Article 17. Space Objects 1. The space objects of Russian Federation shall be subject to registration and shall have markings certifying their appurtenance to Russian Federation. 2. Russian Federation shall retain jurisdiction and control over space objects registered in it, during the ground time of such objects, at any stage of a space flight or stay in outer space, on celestial bodies and also on return to the Earth outside the jurisdiction of any state. 3. The rights of ownership over space objects shall remain unaffected, during the ground time of such objects, at any stage of a space flight or stay in outer space, on celestial bodies and also on return to the Earth, unless otherwise specified in international treaties of Russian Federation. 4. If a space object is designed and manufactured by Russian organizations and citizens jointly with foreign organizations and citizens or international organizations, the questions of the registration of such object, the jurisdiction and control thereover and also the questions of the rights of ownership thereof shall be decided on the basis of the appropriate international treaties. 5. The rights of jurisdiction and control over a space objects, as well as of ownership thereof shall not affect the legal status of the area of outer space or the surface or subsoil of a celestial body occupied by it. In direct proximity to a space object of Russian Federation within the zone minimally necessary for safeguarding the safety of space activity, rules may be established that shall be binding for Russian and foreign organizations and citizens. Article 18. Ground and Other Objects of Space Infrastructure 1. The ground and other objects of space infrastructure in Russian Federation shall consist of: cosmodromes; launching complexes and installations; instrumentation and command complexes; space objects flight control centers and points; data acquisition, storage and processing terminals; space equipment storage bases; fall areas of separating parts of space objects; space objects landing grounds and runways; experimental base facilities for the creation of space technics; cosmonaut training centers and equipment; any other ground facilities and equipment used for carrying out space activities. The ground and other objects of space infrastructure, including mobile, shall be considered as such to the extent that they are used for ensuring or carrying out space activity. 2. The ground and other objects of space infrastructure, which are in federal property, shall be under the authority of state organizations in charge of their operation. The transfer of ground and other objects of space infrastructure, which are in federal property, under the authority, ownership or leaseholding of other organizations shall only be permitted in the manner specified by the legislation of Russian Federation. 3. The allotment of plots of land for ground and other objects of space infrastructure and the right-of-way zones adjacent thereto shall be made by bodies of state power and administration of relevant subjects of Russian Federation, as well as by local authorities in accordance with the legislation of Russian Federation. The procedure and terms of use of such plots of land shall be laid down by agreements between relevant bodies of state power and administration and the organizations responsible for the operation of the ground and other objects of space infrastructure. 4. Activities involving the utilization of ground and other objects of space infrastructure by organizations and citizens of Russian Federation outside the jurisdiction of any state shall be carried out in accordance with this Law. Such activities by organizations and citizens of Russian Federation within the territories, which are under the jurisdiction of a foreign state shall be carried out in accordance with the legislation of this state, unless it is contrary to this Law. Article 19. Space Flight Control 1. Space flight control at all stages from the launching of a space object of Russian Federation to completion of the flight shall be exercised by the organizations in charge of the ground and other objects of space infrastructure. 2. The launch and landing of space objects of Russian Federation shall be carried out in preset area under an arrangement made with the appropriate bodies of state power and administration. 3. The commander of a crew of a manned space object of Russian Federation shall within the scope of his authority bear responsibility for the fulfilment of the flight program, the safety of the crew and other persons participating in the flight and the preservation of the space object and the property within it. 4. Russian Federation shall retain jurisdiction and control over any crew of a manned space object registered in it, during the ground time of such object, at any stage of a space flight or stay in outer space, on celestial bodies, including extra-vehicular stay, and on return to the Earth, right up to the completion of the flight program, unless otherwise specified in international treaties of Russian Federation. 5. Citizens of foreign states who take a space flight training course in Russian Federation or are involved in a flight on a manned space object of Russian Federation shall be obliged to observe the legislation of Russian Federation, unless otherwise specified by international treaties of Russian Federation. Article 21. Personnel at the Ground and Other Objects of the Space Infrastructure 1. Personnel to be regarded as personnel at the ground and other objects of space infrastructure shall be specialists performing duties in the sphere of testing, storage and operation of space technics, as well as any other duties involving the provision of operational regime of the functioning of the ground and other objects of space infrastructure. 2. The functional duties of personnel at the ground and other objects of space infrastructure shall be determined by the organizations in charged of the operation thereof. Personnel at the ground and other objects of space infrastructure shall be subject to appraisal for adequacy in the established professional standards. 3. The size of the pay and the additional material remuneration of personnel at the ground and other objects of space infrastructure shall be established by the contracts of employment concluded with the organizations using such objects. The procedure of payment and personal equipment for personnel at the ground and other objects of space infrastructure, who are in military service shall be laid down in the appropriate legislation of Russian Federation. 4. Members of personnel at the ground and other objects of space infrastructure, whose professions are connected with hazardous or harmful conditions of work shall be given additional benefits in accordance with the legislation of Russian Federation and the conditions of the appropriate contracts. 5. Persons enlisted in the performance of space accident or disaster clean-up operations shall enjoy the same privileges as attending to the ground and other objects of space infrastructure.